Manusia Jepang: Dari Peminjaman Budaya Sampai ke Sinkretisme Agama

Abstrak

AbstrakProfil manusia Jepang merujuk kepada bangsa yang memiliki etos kerja yang tinggi, disiplin, budaya malu, dan citra positif lainnya. Citra tersebut diperoleh setelah melalui sebuah perjalanan sejarah yang panjang yang diakui sebagai hasil cultural borrowing ‘meminjam budaya’ luar yang kemudian di-Jepang-kan. Peminjaman budaya tersebut merujuk kepada proses bangsa Jepang dalam ‘mengadopsi’ budaya asing, baik melalui asimilasi maupun akulturasi. Peminjaman budaya tersebut diambildari Timur (China dan Korea) dan Barat (Eropa dan Amerika). Sementara itu, ajaran moral yang dimiliki bangsa Jepang diperoleh dari hasil sinkretisme dari ajaran Konfusius China, agama Budha dari Korea, dan agama Shinto yang telah diyakini oleh para leluhur Bangsa Jepang sejak dahulu kala. Pinjaman-pinjaman budaya tersebut seiring waktu mengalami internalisasi dengan budaya Jepang itu sendiri yang kemudian menghasilkan manusia Jepang yang kita kenal saat ini.Kata kunci: manusia Jepang, pinjaman budaya, sinkretisme agama, ajaran KonfusiusAbstractThe profile of The Japanese is identified as the nation with a high work ethic, discipline, having shame cultures, and other positive images. They do not get those positive images easily though. It took a long time and a long process as they admitted that they started with cultural borrowings taken from other countries which then were Japanized. The cultural borrowings what we are talking about here refer to the processes having been done by Japanese people in adopting foreign cultures either through assimilation or acculturation. The borrowings have been taken from East (China and Korea) and West (Europe and America). While the moral teaching owned by The Japanese now had been created through the syncretical process of three religions; Chinese Confusius, Korean Budha, and Shinto religion which had been the religion of Japanese ancestors since the ancient times. As time goes by, the cultural borrowings have been internalized into the Japanese culture itself which then resulted in The Japanese we know now.Keywords: Japanese, cultural borrowing, syncretism of religions, Confusius teaching