RASISME DAN PERSPEKTIF ANAK DALAM NOVEL WHEN HITLER STOLE PINK RABBIT KARYA JUDITH KERR

https://doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v10i3.30580

Penulis

Kata Kunci:

rasisme, nazi, perspektif anak, sastra anak, naratologi

Abstrak

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif tokoh anak Yahudi, yakni Anna dan Max terhadap rasisme selama Hitler memimpin Jerman pada tahun 1933 yang tergambar dalam novel anak When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit karya Judith Kerr. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori naratologi dari Genette (1980), dan konsep rasisme yang dikemukakan oleh Fredrickson (2015) dan Better (2008). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis novel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat dua jenis rasisme pada novel tersebut, yakni rasisme institusi yang ditunjukkan oleh Nazi dan individu yang ditunjukkan oleh anak dan orang tuanya yang pro terhadap Nazi, serta teman-teman sekolah Max. Penelitian ini pun menunjukkan fokalisasi Anna dan Max baik yang dituturkan oleh mereka sendiri maupun narator tentang rasisme sebagai bentuk represi terhadap fisik dan psikis mereka. Mereka dapat meresistensi semua rasisme yang mereka alami dengan menjadi orang Yahudi yang lebih baik untuk mematahkan prasangka yang melekat pada Nazi maupun orang-orang yang membenci mereka.  Kata Kunci: rasisme, nazi, perspektif anak, sastra anak, naratologiAbstractThis research aims to analyze the Jewish children’s perspective, namely Anna and Max, on racism during Hitler's leadership in Germany in 1933 in the children's novel When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit by Judith Kerr. The theories used in this research are narratology of Genette (1980), and the concept of racism proposed by Fredrickson (2015) and Better (2008). This study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the novel. The article is to show the two occurrences of racism in the novel; racism shown by Nazis and individuals shown by children and parents who are pro-Nazi, as well as Max's school friends. The article examined Anna and Max’s focalizations, both spoken by themselves and by the narrator. The article eventually argues that Anna and Max’s perspective about racism is a form of repression towards their physical and psychological aspects. They withstand racial oppression by becoming better Jews to break the prejudices attached to the Nazis or those who associate them.Keywords: racism, nazi, children’s perspective, children’s literature, narratology             

Biografi Penulis

Pangesti Rokhi Dewi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Mahasiswa Magister Ilmu Sastra Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Padjadjaran

Tisna Prabasmoro, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya - Universitas Padjadjaran

Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Padjadjaran

Sri Rijati Wardiani, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya - Universitas Padjadjaran

Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Padjadjaran

Referensi

Abbot, H. P. (2002). The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative. Cambridge: The PressSyndicate of The University of Cambridge.

Akmen, T. (2019). Jewish children’s book author Judith Kerr dies at 95. Obituary. Retrieved from The Times of Israel website: https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-childrens-book-author-judith-kerr-dies-at-95/

Bal, M. (1999). Narratology Introduction to The Theory of Narrative second edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Banks, P. A. (2020). Race, Ethnicity, and Consumption: A Sociological View. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Barkan, E. (1992). The Retreat of Scientific Racism: Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States Between the World Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Better, S. (2008). Institutional Racism: A Primer on Theory and Strategies for Social Change. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Bhabha, H. K. (2015). Debating Cultural Hybridity Multicultural Identities and The Politics of Anti-Racism (P. Werbner & T. Modood Eds.). London: Zed Books Ltd.

Blumenbach, J. F. (2018). Johann Friedrich Blumenbach: Race and Natural History, 1750–1850 (N. Rupke & G. Lauer Eds.). New York: Taylor & Francis.

Chaudhri, A., & Teale, W. H. (2013). Stories of Multiracial Experiences in Literature for Children, Ages 9–14. Children’s Literature in Education, 44, 359–376. doi: 10.1007/s10583-013-9196-5

Collins, W. (2018). Collins English Dictionary (C. Dictionaries Ed. 13th ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers Limited.

Deem, J. M. (2012). Kristallnacht: The Nazi Terror That Began the Holocaust. Berkeley: Enslow Publishing, LLC.

Elias, S., & Feagin, J. R. (2016). Racial Theories in Social Science: A Systemic Racism Critique. New York London: Routledge.

Fredrickson, G. M., & Camarillo, A. (2015). Racism: A Short History. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Gansel, C. (2010). Moderne Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Berlin: Cornelsen.

Genette, G. (1980). Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method (J. E. Lewin., Trans.). New York: Cornell University Press.

Gopalakrishnan, A. (2011). Multicultural Children's Literature: A Critical Issues Approach. Thousand Oaks

Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Grenby, M. O. (2008). Children's Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Guido Klumpp, G., Lenz, U., & Jonas, I. (2012). Kriegskinder. Bagso-Nachrichten, 4.

Hunt, P. (1999). Understanding Children's Literature. London: Routledge.

Intan, T. (2017). Novel Charlotte Karya David Foenkinos : Sebuah Narasi Tentang Diskriminasi, Rasisme, dan Holocaust. Poetika, V(Desember). doi: 10.22146/poetika.28979

Kerr, J. (1971). When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit. London: William Collins and Sons and Co. Ltd.

López, I. F. H., & Delgado, R. (1999). The Social Construction of Race.

Manuaba, I. B. P. (2019). Wacana Bahasa dan Sastra. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press.

Muqil, I., & Kurniawati, W. (2015). Rasisme dalam Novel Hanas Koffer Karya Levine. Jurnal Mahasiswa UNESA, IV.

Prabasmoro, T., Budhyono, R., & Muhtadin, T. (2019). Black Panther: Identity, Afrofuturism, and Representation of Superheroes. Pertanika, 27, 2672-2685.

Sontheimer, M. (Producer). (2005, Juny). Der Zweite Weltkrieg. [Spiegel Online] Retrieved from https://m.spiegel.de/spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39257689.html

Yokota, J. (1993). Issues in Selecting Multicultural Children's Literature. Language Arts, 70(3), 156-167.

Diterbitkan

2020-12-31

Cara Mengutip

Dewi, P. R., Prabasmoro, T., & Wardiani, S. R. (2020). RASISME DAN PERSPEKTIF ANAK DALAM NOVEL WHEN HITLER STOLE PINK RABBIT KARYA JUDITH KERR. Metahumaniora, 10(3), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v10i3.30580