US REPRESENTATION IN “REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BIDEN ON THE DRAWDOWN OF US ARMY IN AFGHANISTAN”
Kata Kunci:
US representation, Critical Discourse Analysis, van Dijk, micro-level analysisAbstrak
The US’ decision of leaving Afghanistan, after about 20 years of remaining there in an effort to overthrow the Taliban regime, was phenomenal and caused the world’s negative perspective toward the country. Due to this fact, the study is conducted to open a new critical point of view regarding the issue. The paper mainly discusses the US representation within Joe Biden’s speech entitled “Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of US Army in Afghanistan”. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which deals with power abuse and dominance in the social and political context, is utilized as the main approach in order to reveal the representation of the United States. The discussion will be limited to the micro-level analysis, which comprises macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure analyses. In the microstructure analysis, two linguistics tools, namely number game and norm expression, will be used. A qualitative descriptive research method is employed and the result of the research shows that the US as the Self is represented positively in the speech. This is shown consistently throughout the macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure aspects.Referensi
Analytical exposition text: Pengertian, struktur, ciri-ciri, dan contoh – scholars english. (21 December, 2020). Scholarsenglish.id, accessed from on http://scholarsenglish.id/analytical-exposition-text-pengertian-struktur-ciri-ciri-dan-contoh/
Atmowardoyo, H. (2018). Research methods in TEFL studies: Descriptive research, case study, error analysis, and R & D. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 9, (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0901.25
BBC news. (2021). “Afghanistan: Taliban unveil new rules banning women in TV dramas”. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59368488 on 23 November, 2021
BBC news. (2021). “Taliban announce new rules for female students”. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58537081 on 11 November, 2021
Bender, B., & McLeary, P. (2021, August 16). “The $88 billion gamble on the afghan army that’s going up in smoke”. POLITICO, accessed from https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/13/afghan-army-pentagon-504469 on 20 October, 2021
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, April 28). Osama bin Laden. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osama-bin-Laden
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, November 3). Taliban. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taliban
Bussell, J. (2013, March 12). Cyberspace. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/cyberspace
Byrne, D. (2017). Data analysis and interpretation. Research Project Planner, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526408570
Cambridge Dictionary. (n.d.). Orderly. Accessed from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/orderly on 16 October, 2021
Cambridge Dictionary. (n.d.). Secure. Accessed from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/secure on 16 October, 2021
Copp, T. (2021, October 8). ‘There will be no withdrawal’: Syrian allies say US has promised to keep some troops there. Defense One. https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2021/10/there-will-be-no-withdrawal-syrian-allies-say-us-has-promised-keep-some-troops-there/185972/
Cresswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
George, M. (2008). The elements of library research: What every students need to know. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400830411
Gerot, L., & Wignell, P. (1998). Making sense of functional grammar: An introductory of workbook. Australia: Gred Stabler AEE
Hall, S. (2013). Representation. https://people.southwestern.edu/~bednarb/critical-cultural/articles/hallrepresentation1.pdf
Mubais, A. (2021). The generic structures of the editorials of the Jakarta Post published in August 2020. Community Concern for English Pedagogy and Teaching, 7, (1), 1-13. https://e-journal.umc.ac.id/index.php/CJU/article/view/1809/1265
Nurhaliza, H., & Tanto, T. (2019). Representation of Indonesia’s judiciary of Ahok’s blasphemy in the New York Times article “’Rot at core’: Blasphemy verdict in Indonesia dismays legal experts. k@ta, 21(2), 68-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.21.2.68-74
Oxford Learners Dictionaries. (n.d.). Drawdown. Accessed from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/drawdown?q=drawdown on 12 October, 2021
Oxford Learners Dictionaries. (n.d.). Ending. Accessed from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ending?q=ending on 12 October, 2021
Rachman, A., & Yunianti, S. (2017). Critical discourse analysis in Donald Trump presidential campaign to win American’s heart. TELL, 5(2).
Shams, S. (2021, October 10). How the US invasion changed Afghanistan. DW. https://www.dw.com/en/how-the-us-invasion-changed-afghanistan/a-59427641
Stephens, H. (2021, April 15). Questioning the reasons for US involvement in the Middle East. WPR. https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/insights/27262/questioning-the-reasons-for-u-s-involvement-in-the-middle-east
Tampubolon, S., Saragih, A., Setia, E., & Nurlela. (2017). Critical discourse analysis on Medan’s local newspapers’ editorial. International Journal of Linguistics, 9, (2). https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i2.10792
van Dijk, T. A. (1980). Macrostructures: An interdisciplinary study of global structures in discourse, interaction, and cognition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. http://www.discourses.org/OldBooks/Teun%20A%20van%20Dijk%20%20Macrostructures.pdf
van Dijk, T. A. (2000). Ideology and discourse. A multidisciplinary introduction. http://www.discourses.org/OldBooks/Teun%20A%20van%20Dijk%20-%20Ideology%20and%20Discourse.pdf
van Dijk, T. A. (2005). Macrostructure. http://www.dissoc.org/proyectos/textopedia/Textopedia-Macrostructure.html#:~:text=The%20macrostructure%20of%20a%20discourse,strategies%20that%20reduce%20complex%20information
van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Critical Discourse Analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (2nd ed., pp. 466-485). http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/Critical%20Discourse%20Analysis.pdf
Vine, D. (2020, September 18). “US-led wars have displaced 37m people. America should accept responsibility”. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/18/us-wars-iraq-george-w-bush?msclkid=7f60a2e4abea11ecac18a45b4a322b6d
Zixin, L. (2021, August 11). “US loses moral credibility abandoning Afghan forces”. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202108/1231225.shtml
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Pemberitahuan Hak Cipta
- Hak publikasi atas semua materi informasi yang tercantum dalam situs jurnal ini dipegang oleh dewan redaksi/editor dengan sepengetahuan penulis. Pengelola Jurnal akan menjunjung tinggi hak moral penulis.
- Aspek legal formal terhadap akses setiap informasi dan artikel yang tercantum dalam situs jurnal ini mengacu pada ketentuan Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional. yang berarti bahwa hanya dengan izin penulis, informasi dan artikel Jurnal Metahumaniora dapat didistribusikan ke pihak lain dengan tanpa merubah bentuk aslinya untuk tujuan non-komersial.
- Setiap terbitan Jurnal Metahumaniora, baik cetak maupun elektronik, bersifat open access untuk tujuan pendidikan, penelitian, dan perpustakaan. Di luar tujuan tersebut, penerbit atau pengelola jurnal tidak bertanggung jawab atas terjadinya pelanggaran hak cipta yang dilakukan oleh pembaca atau pengakses.
Pernyataan Privasi
Semua informasi yang diberikan kepada Jurnal Metahumaniora akan digunakan sebatas kepentingan jurnal sebagaimana dicantumkan dalam laman Jurnal Metahumaniora dan tidak akan diberikan kepada pihak lain untuk kepentingan apapun.
Penulis dan editor akan saling menjaga privasi satu sama lain guna menghindari segala bentuk pelanggaran hak cipta, seperti duplikasi, fabrikasi, falsifikasi, dan plagiarisme.
Naskah artikel ini adalah asli karya penulis yang belum pernah dipublikasikan di jurnal (media) manapun. Dalam naskah artikel penulis harus mengutip (sitasi) tulisan yang dimuat dalam jurnal Metahumaniora. Jika terdapat duplikasi penerbitan, naskah akan dicabut/dihapus oleh dewan redaksi










